Census vs. The Ethnologue

The following is a comparison of the United States, Canada, and Australia Census figures regarding languages with that from the Ethnologue from the Summer Institute of Linguistics. The Ethnologue is used by many almanacs in the section listing how many people speak each language.

Note that in many cases, the figures given by the government differ from the Ethnologue widely. For example the census lists 150 speakers of Hawaiian Pidgin, whereas the Ethnologue lists 600,000. The U.S. Census lists 150,485 Dutch speakers, whereas the Ethnologue lists zero. Likewise, the Ethnologue lists 400,000 speakers of Kaberverdianu in the United States (the same number that speaks it in the Cape Verde Islands themselves), whereas the U.S. Census lists zero.

Both sides need to to check their numbers. Perhaps the most disturbing part is that there are several languages that the Ethnologue lists as extinct, the U.S. Census has figures for. If these languages are not really extinct, then we are missing a great opportunity to capture the information regarding them.

Note: This chart was originally created in 2006. I plan on updating it after the results of the 2010 U.S. Census results are released.

Language Code List

Cen-sus Code

SIL Code

Language[s]

2000 US Census

USA - SIL Ethnologue

2001 Canadian Census

Canada – SIL Ethnologue

1996 Australia Census

Australia – SIL Ethnologue

000

ENG

English

215,423,555

210,000,000

21,863,015

17,100,00

13,498,094

15,682,000

-----

ASE

American Sign Language [ASL, Ameslan]

-----

100,000 to 500,000

-----

ASF

Australian Sign Language

-----

14,000

-----

HPS

Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language

-----

A few users

-----

PSD

Plains Indian Sign Language

-----

NSR

Maritime Sign Language [Nova Scotian Sign Language]

-----

FCS

Quebec Sign Language

-----

50,000-60,000

-----

601

-----

JAMAICAN CREOLE; English creoles –Belize, Guyanese [SIL: Bahamas Creole English: ??; Belize Kriol English: 40,000; Guyanese Creole English: ??; Southwestern Caribbean Creole English: ??]

17,460

40,000 + ??

-----

Southwestern Caribbean Creole English: ??

-----

Creoles

-----

49,905

-----

Unserdeutsch: ??

-----

AFS

Afro-Seminole Creole

-----

200

-----

602

KRI

KRIO [SIL: 481,600 total, in Sierra Leone, also Gambia, Guinea, Senegal]

4,760

-----

603

HWC

HAWAIIAN PIDGIN [Hawaii Creole English]

150

600,000

-----

604

-----

PIDGIN

2,270

-----

605

GUL

GULLAH [Sea Island Creole English, Geechee]

620

250,000

-----

606

SRM

SARAMACCA [SIL: 26,000 total, in Surinam and French Guiana; English-based creole]

-----

607

DEU

GERMAN; Austrian; Swiss [SIL: 95,392,978 total all countries] U.S.: 1,383,442

1,382,615

6,093,054

220,685

470,505

96,651

135,000

608

PDC

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH [Pennsylvania German]

83,720

85,000

-----

15,000

-----

PDT

Plautdietsch [Low German, Mennonite German]

-----

11,974

See Germanic

80,000

-----

GEH

Hutterite German [Tyrolese, Tirolean, Hutterian German]

-----

5,000

See Germanic

29,200

-----

609

YDD,YIH

YIDDISH [SIL: [YDD] Eastern Yiddish: 3,142,560 total; [YIH] Western Yiddish: 49,210 total]

178,945

Eastern: 1,250,000

10,680

Eastern: 49,890

-----

Eastern: ??

610

NLD

DUTCH; Flemish [Netherlandic] [SIL: 17,370,777 total speakers in all counties]

150,485

-----

Dutch: 45,780

Flemish: 1,355

-----

40,224

-----

611

AFR

AFRIKAANS [SIL: 5,965,879, in South Africa, also Australia, Botswana, Canada, Lesotho, …]

16,010

-----

2,353

-----

12,655

612

FRS,

FRR,FRI

FRISIAN [SIL: FRS: Eastern Frisian: 11,000 in Germany, also in USA; FRR: Northern Frisian: 10,000 in Germany; FRI: Western Frisian: 700,000, in Netherlands]

920

Eastern: ??

1,160

-----

613

LTZ

LUXEMBOURGIAN (Luxembourgeois) [SIL: 390,618 total, in Luxembourg, Belg., Fr. Ger. USA]

830

20,618

See Germanic

-----

614

SWE

SWEDISH [SIL: 8,789,835 total, in Sweden, Finland, also Canada, Estonia, Norway, UAE, USA]

67,655

626,102

3,720

21,591

-----

615

DAN

DANISH [SIL: 5,299,756 total, in Denmark, also Canada, Ger., Iceland, Nor., Swe., UAE, USA]

33,395

194,000

5,295

29,807

-----

616

NOB+

NORWEGIAN [SIL: NOB: Bokmål: no estimate; NNO: Nynorsk: no estimate either]

55,465

-----

2,010

-----

617

ISL

ICELANDIC [SIL: 239,768 total, in Iceland, also in Canada, USA]

5,660

9,768

365

-----

618

FAO

FAROESE [SIL: 45,400 total, in Faroe Islands, Denmark]

-----

See Germanic

-----

Germanic languages, not included elsewhere [incl. 607-618 plus Jutish, Dalecarlian, Canlian, …]

-----

Yinglish: ??

5,255

-----

619

ITA

ITALIAN [SIL: 61,489,984 in all countries, in Italy, Slovenia, Vatican City, et al]

1,008,370

906,000

371,200

514,410

367,290

500,000

620

FRA

FRENCH; Walloon U.S.: 1,643,838 (incl. Patois, Cajun)

1,606,790

1,100,000

7,214,280

6,700,000

38,058

-----

621

PRV

PROVENCAL [SIL: 354,500 total, in France, also Italy, Monaco]

-----

622

-----

PATOIS

19,795

-----

623

HAT

FRENCH CREOLE; Haitian Creole [SIL: 7,389,066 total speakers, in Haiti]

453,370-68

200,000

-----

12,317

-----

LOU

Louisiana Creole French [St. Martin Parish, LA]

-----

60,000 to 80,000

-----

624

FRC

CAJUN [Français Acadien, Acadian, French Cajun, Cajan, Cadien]

17,240

1,000,000

-----

625

SPA

SPANISH U.S.: 28,101,052 (incl. Spanish Creole)

28,100,725

22,400,000

258,465

228,580

86,860

626

CAT

CATALONIAN [Catalan-Valencian-Balear] [SIL: 6,667,328 total speakers, in Spain, elsewhere]

1,660

40,000

-----

627

LAD

LADINO [Judeo-Spanish] [SIL: 110,000 total, in Israel, also Greece, Puerto Rico, Turkey, USA]]

320

-----

628

-----

PACHUCO [Note: Not listed on the SIL web-site]

-----

629

POR

PORTUGUESE [SIL: 177,457,180 total in all countries] U.S.: 564,630 (incl. Port. Creole)

563,835

1,313,424

187,475

222,870

23,598

-----

KEA

Kabuverdianu [a Portuguese creole from Cape Verde Islands]

-----

400,000 [sic]

-----

POV

Upper Guinea Crioulo [a Portuguese creole from Guinea-Bissau] [SIL: 392,350 total]

-----

156,000

-----

630

PAP

PAPIA MENTAE [Papiamentu] [SIL: 319,400 total, in Netherlands Antilles]

795

-----

631

RON

RUMANIAN; Romanian [SIL: 23,498,367 total, in Romania, elsewhere]

114,840

56,590

44,975

16,356

-----

632

ROH

RHAETO-ROMANIC; Romansch ]SIL: 40,000, in Switzerland]

100

-----

Romance languages, not included elsewhere. [Languages include Dalmatian, Istriot, Napoletano-Calabrese,Sicilian,Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piemontese, Venetian, Auvergnat, Gascon, Limousin, Languedocien, Shuadit, Mozarabic, Aragonese, Fala, Galician, Extremaduran, Miranda do Douro, Asturian, …]

-----

Corsican: ??

Ladin: ??

Lombard: ??

Piemontese: ??

530

Corsican: ??

-----

Piemontese: ??

633

CYM

WELSH [Cymraeg] [SIL: 536,258 total, in UK, also Argentina, Canada]

2,655

-----

380

3,160

-----

634

BRE

BRETON [Brezhoneg] [SIL: 532,722 total, in France, also USA]

32,722

See Celtic

-----

635

GLE

IRISH GAELIC [Irish, Erse, Gaeilge] [SIL: 355,000 total, in Ireland, also Brazil, Canada, UK, USA]

25,870

855

-----

636

GLA

SCOTTIC GAELIC [SIL: 61,175, in UK, also Australia, Canada, USA]

1,605

[incl. With Irish]

3,525

-----

------

-----

Celtic languages, not included elsewhere. [Includes Cornish, Manx, Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic]

-----

637

ELL

GREEK [Ellinika] [SIL: 12,258,540 total, in Greece, and elsewhere]

365,435-36

Greek: 458,699

Pontic: ??

114,955

Greek: 143,892

Pontic: ??

259,019

106,677

638

ALN, ALS

ALBANIAN [Shqip] [SIL: ALN Gheg Albanian: 2,779,246, in Kosovo; ALS Tosk Albanian: 2,980,000, in Albania]

79,515

Gheg: 79,829

Tosk Albanian: ??

-----

639

RUS

RUSSIAN [SIL: 145,031,551 total speakers, in Russia, China, others]

706,240-42

334,615

87,080

31,745

30,042

-----

640

BEL

BIELORUSSIAN [Belarusan] [SIL: 9,081,102 total speakers, in Belarus, also Poland, others]

2,360

70,808

185

2,280

-----

641

UKR

UKRAINIAN [SIL: 39,441,842 total speakers, in Ukraine, also Poland, Slovakia, others]

129,180

844,026

67,665

174,830

-----

642

CES

CZECH [SIL: 11,525,089 total speakers, in Czech Rep., also Austria, Bugaria, Canada, …]

70,500

1,452,812

15,245

27,038

-----

643

CSB

KASHUBIAN [SIL: 3,000 total, in Poland, also Canada]

-----

See Slavic

-----

644

DSB, HSB

LUSATIAN; Sorbian, Wendish [SIL: DSB Lower Sorbian: 14,000 in Germany; HSB: Upper Sorbian: 15,000, in Germany]

250

-----

See Slavic

-----

645

POL

POLISH [SIL: 42,708,133 total speakers, in Poland, also Czech Rep., Germany, Israel, …]

667,415-14

3,398,763

163,745

222,355

61,023

13,782

646

SLK

SLOVAK [SIL: 5,011,120 total speakers, in Slovakia, also Canada, Hungary, Poland, …]

41,300

9,995

-----

647

BUL

BULGARIAN [SIL: 8,954,811 total speakers, in Bulgaria, also Greek, Moldova, Romania, …]

28,565

8,065

2,276

-----

648

MKD

MACEDONIAN [SIL: 1,598,247 total speakers, in Macedonia, also Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, …]

19,165

-----

14,410

12,464

68,126

-----

649

BOS

SERBOCROATIAN; Bosnian; Slavic; Yugoslav [SIL: 4,000,000 total, in Bosnia] U.S.: 233,865

130,100

-----

24,530

-----

650

HRV

CROATIAN [Hrvatski] [SIL: 6,214,643 total speakers, in Croatia, also Austria, Bosnia, …]

58,390

-----

44,605

-----

66,702

-----

651

SRP

SERBIAN [SIL: 11,144,758 total speakers, in Serbia, also Albania, Australia, Bosnia, …]

45,375

169,938

39,965

7,966

35,392

38,753

652

SLV

SLOVENE [Slovenian] [SIL: 1,984,775 total speakers, in Slovenia, also Agentina, Australia, …]

9,760

82,321

7,230

6,415

-----

Slavic languages, not included elsewhere. [Includes 639-652, and Rusyn, Old Church Slavonic, Knaanic, Polabian]

-----

7,220

-----

653

LIT

LITHUANIAN [SIL: 3,125,281 total speakers, in Lithuania, elsewhere]

38,300

5,205

-----

10,000

654

LAV

LETTISH; Latvian [SIL: 1,543,844 total speakers, in Latvia, elsewhere]

19,845

50,000

4,750

15,000

-----

25,000

655

HYE

ARMENIAN [SIL: 6,723,840 total speakers, in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, …]

202,710-08

1,100,000

26,215

20,053

-----

656

PRS, PES

PERSIAN; Dari; Farsi; Pushto [PRS Eastern Farsi=Dari: 7,600,000, in Afghanistan, Pakistan; PES Western Farsi=Persian: 24,316,121, in Iran, elsewhere]

312,085

Western Farsi: 900,000

92,025

Western Farsi: 15,000

-----

Western Farsi: 11,000

657

PST, PBU,PBT

PASHTO; Afghani [SIL: PST Central Pashto=Mahsudi: 7,922,657, in Pakistan; PBU Northern Pashto: 9,700,000, in Pakistan; PBT: Southern Pashto=Afghani: 2,674,367, in Pakistan]

7,710

-----

5,300

-----

658

CKB+

KURDISH [SIL: CKB Central Kurdish: 3,712,000, in Iraq; KMR Northern Kurdish: 9,113,505, in Turkey, also Armenia, Azer., Georgia, Iran, …; SDH Southern Kurdish: 3,000,000 in Iran, Iraq]

10,190

Northern Kurdish: ??

5,315

Northern Kurdish: 6,000

-----

Northern Kurdish: 11,000

659

BGP, BCC,BGN

BALOCHI [SIL: BGP Eastern Balochi: 1,805,000 in Pakistan, India; BCC Southern Balochi: 3,400,300 in Pakistan, Iran; BGN: Western Balochi: 1,799,842, in Pakistan, Afghanistan]

115

-----

660

TGK

TADZHIK [Tajiki, Galcha] [SIL: 4,380,212,.in Tajikistan, elsewhere]

225

-----

661

OSS

OSSETE [Osetin] [SIL: 526,453 total speakers, in Georgia, also Turkey, elsewhere]

-----

662

-----

INDIA, not elsewhere classified; Asian Indian; Sanskrit

80,240

-----

India and Pakistan: 280,000

-----

Indo-Portuguese: ??

663

HIN

HINDI [In 1990, Code 663 included Urdu] [SIL: 180,764,791 total speakers, in India, elsewhere]

317,055-57

26,253

65,895

-----

664

BEN

BENGALI [Bangla] [SIL: 171,070,202, in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Singapore]

128,820

29,705

-----

665

PAN, PMU, PNB

PANJABI; Punjabi [SIL: PAN Eastern Panjabi=Punjabi: 28,006,704 total, in India, Kenya, Singapore; PMU Mirpur Panjabi=Mirpuri: 1,042,000 total, in India, Pakistan, UK; PNB Western Panjabi=Lahnda: 60,812,093 total, in Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Canada, UAE, UK, USA]

141,740

Eastern Panjabi: 100,000

Western Panjabi: ??

280,535

Eastern Panjabi: 214,530

Western Panjabi: ??

-----

666

MAR, KNN

MARATHI; Konkani [SIL: MAR Marathi: 68,049,787, in Maharashtra, India, Israel, Mauritius; KNN Konkani: 4,000,000, in India]

35,010

-----

Marathi: 2,455

Konkani: 1,695

-----

667

GUJ

GUJARATHI [Gujarati] [SIL: 46,106,136 total, in India, elsewhere]

235,990-88

60,105

-----

668

BHO+

BIHARI [12 languages, including BHO Bhojpuri: 26,592,536; MAI Maithili: 24,797,582, in India]

125

-----

669

BHB+

RAJASTHANI; Bhili [Rajasthani incl. 18 lang’s in India & Pakistan; BHB Bhili: 1,300,000, in India]

335

-----

670

ORI

ORIYA [SIL: 31,698,534 total speakers, in Orissa, India, also Bangladesh]

2,365

-----

671

URD

URDU [In 1990, Code 671 was Bhili] [SIL: 60,503,579, in Pakistan, India, elsewhere]

262,900

-----

89,370

-----

672

ASM

ASSAMESE [SIL: 15,374,000, in India, also in Bangladesh, Bhutan]

760

Sylheti: ??

-----

Sylheti: ??

-----

Sylheti: ??

673

KAS

KASHMIRI [SIL: 4,611,000 total, in India, also Pakistan, United Kingdom]

945

-----

674

NEP

NEPALI [SIL: 17,209,255 total speakers, in Nepal, also in Bhutna, Brunei, India]

10,710

-----

675

SND

SINDHI [SIL: 21,362,000 total speakers, in Pakistan; and India, elsewhere]

7,815

10,205

-----

676

-----

PAKISTAN not elsewhere classified. [In 1990, Code 676 was Maldivian]

13,960

-----

677

SIN, DIV

SINHALESE; Maldivian [SIL: Sinhala 13,220,256 total speakers, in Sri Lanka, Singapore, elsewhere; DIV: Maldivian: 287, 196 total speakers, in Maldives and India]]

13,890

-----

6,985

3,004

-----

Indo-Iranian languages, not included elsewhere.

-----

Bukharic: 50,000

Parsi: 75,000

5,015

-----

678

RME

ROMANY [SIL: USA: Balkan Romani: ??; Carpathian Romani: 18,000; Vlax Romani: 650,000; [RME] Angloromani=100,000 (in North America)]

2,570

768,000 + ??

-----

Vlax Romani: ??

-----

Angloromani: 5,000

679

FIN

FINNISH [SIL: 5,232,728 total speakers, in Finland, also Sweden, Russia]

39,770

266,096

10,605

39,069

-----

680

EST

ESTONIAN [SIL: 1,075,497 total speakers, in Estonia, also Finland, elsewhere]

7,335

26,610

5,185

15,295

-----

681

SME+

LAPP [Saami] [SIL: SME: North Saami: 21,000, in Norway, and 10 other languages]

-----

682

HUN

HUNGARIAN [SIL: 13,611,600 total speakers, in Hungary, also Austria, Israel, Romania, …]

117,975-73

447,497

44,590

86,835

25,846

5,764

683

-----

OTHER URALIC LANGUAGES; Cheremis, Mordvin; Samoyed; Ugric, Yenisei

-----

684

CHV

CHUVASH [SIL: 1,834,394, total speakers, in Russia]

-----

685

KAA

KARAKALPAK [SIL: 411,542 total, in Uzbekistan, also Afghan., Kazakh., Kyrgyz., Turkmen.]

-----

686

KAZ

KAZAKH [SIL: 8,178,879, in Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, China, Iran, Mongolia, elsewhere]

200

-----

687

KIR

KIRGHIZ [SIL: 3,136,733 in Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, China, Turkey, elsewhere]

-----

688

KRC, TAT

KARACHAY; Tatar [SIL: KRC Karachay-Balkar: 241,038 total, in Russia; TAT Tatar: 1,610,032 total, in Russia, and elsewhere]

675

Karachay-Balkar: ??

Tatar: 7,000

-----

689

UIG, UZN,UZS

UIGHUR; Uzbek [Uyghur] [SIL: UIG Uyghur: 7,601,431, in China, Afphanistan, Kazakhstan, elsewhere; UZN Northern Uzbek: 18,795,591 in Uzbekistan; UZS Southern Uzbek: 1,454,981]

1,685

Uyghur: ??

Northern Uzbek: ??

-----

Uyghur: ??

Northern Uzbek: ??

690

AZB,AZJ

AZERBAIJANI [SIL: AZB South Azerbaijani 24,364,000; AZJ North Azerbaijani: 7,059,529]

665

South: ??

-----

691

TUR

TURKISH [SIL: 50,625,794, in Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Macedonia, Romanian, Uzbekistan, elsewhere]

74,130

Turkish: 24,123

Crimean Turkish: ??

16,560

5,179

42,223

40,000

692

TUK

TURKMEN [SIL: 6,403,533, in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey]

170

-----

Turkic languages, not included elsewhere.

-----

1,380

-----

693

SAH

YAKUT [Sakha] [SIL: 363,000 total speakers, in Yakutia, Russia]

-----

694

KHK

MONGOLIAN [Halh Mongolian] [SIL: 2,337,095, in Mongolia, also Russia, Kyrgyz, Taiwan]

2,575

Kalmyk-Oirat: ??

-----

695

-----

TUNGUS [12 languages, including Even, Evenki, Oroqen... Manchu, Xibe, in Russia and China]

-----

696

AVA, ADY, KDB, GEO,LZZ

CAUCASIAN; Avar, Circassian; Georgian [North Caucasian has 34 lang’s, South has 5; AVA Avar: 600,959, in Russa; ADY Adyghe=Circassian: 499,180, in Rus.; KBD Karbardian=East Circassian: 1,012,000, in Russia; GEO Georgian: 3,981,000, in Georgia; LZZ Laz: 33,000, in Turkey]

4,440

Adyghe: 3,000

Georgian: 757

Karbadian: 2,000

Laz: ??

-----

697

EUS

BASQUE [Vascuense, Euskera] [SIL: 588,108 in Spain, Australia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Phil., USA]

2,780

8,108

-----

698

-----

DRAVIDIAN; Coorgi; Tulu / Dravidian languages, not included elsewhere. [698-704, plus others]

1,310

-----

699

BRH

BRAHUI [Brahuidi, KurGalli] [SIL: 2,210,000, in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan]

-----

See Dravidian

-----

700

GNO+

GONDI [SIL: GGO Southern Gondi: 250,000 total; GNO: 1,954,000 total, in India]

-----

See Dravidian

-----

701

TEL

TELUGU [Telegu] [SIL: 69,688,278 total speakers, in Andhra Pradesh, India, and elsewhere]

86,165

-----

3,600

-----

702

KAN

KANNADA [Kanarese] [SIL: 35,346,000 total, in India]

24,390

-----

1,480

-----

703

MAL

MALAYALAM [SIL: 35,757,100 total, in India, Bahrain, Fiji, Israel, Malay., Qatar, Sing., UAE, UK]

79,855

-----

6,570

-----

704

TAM

TAMIL [SIL: 66,020,200 total speakers, in Tamil Nadu, India, Sri Lanka, and elsewhere]

83,965

-----

97,345

-----

705

KRU

KURUKH [Kurux] [SIL: 2,053,000 total speakers, in India and Bangladesh]

-----

706

-----

MUNDA [22 languages in India]

880

-----

707

BSK

BURUSHASKI [Brushaski, Burushaki] [SIL: 87,049 in Pakistan, Kashmir, and India]

-----

708

CJY+

CHINESE; Min, Yueh [Other Chinese] [SIL: CJY: Jinyu: 45,000,000 total; CPX: Pu-Xian: 2,600,810 total; CZO: Min Zhong: no estimate; GAN: Gan: 20,580,000] U.S.: 2,022,143

1,499,635

1,645,000

Yue: ??

392,950

250,000

46,531

Chinese: 190,000

709

HAK

HAKKA; Fukien, K’echia [SIL: 29,937,959 total speakers, in China, elsewhere]

960

Hakka Chinese: ??

3,565

-----

710

HSN

KAN, HSIANG; Nan Chang [Xiang Chinese] [SIL: 36,015,000, in China]

-----

711

YUE

CANTONESE; Toishan [In 1990, Code 711 was Hsiang; Hunan] [SIL: 54,810,598 total]

259,750

-----

345,730

-----

190,104

-----

712

CMN

MANDARIN; Honan, Hopei, Pei [SIL: 873,014,298 total speakers, in China, elsewhere]

174,550

110,710

-----

87,320

-----

713

MNP, CDO

FUCHOW; Min Pei [SIL: MNP Min Bei 10,294,000 total speakers, in China, Singapore; CDO Min Dong=Fuchow: 9,103,157 total speakers in China, also Brunei, Indon., Malaysia, Sing., Thailand]

805

-----

714

NAN

FORMOSAN; Fukien; Hokkien; Min Nan; Taiwanese [SIL: 46,227,965 total speakers]

84,590

Min Nan: ??

-----

715

WUU

WU; Shanghainese [SIL: 77,175,000 total speakers, in China]

1,820

-----

716

BOD

TIBETAN [SIL: 1,261,587 total speakers, in Tibet, China, also Bhutan, India, Nepal]

5,110

3,000

-----

Sino-Tibetan languages, not included elsewhere. [403 total languages]

-----

Lahu Shi: 2,000

Sherpa: 500

2,700

-----

717

MYA

BURMESE; Tonkin [SIL: MYA 32,301,581, in Myanmar] [Tonkin not listed on SIL website]

19,700

1,581

-----

718

KJP, KSW+

KAREN [SIL: KJP: Pwo Eastern Karen: 1,000,000, in Myanmar; KSW: S’gaw Karen: 2,584,700, in Myanmar, Thailand; 2,600,000 in all 16 Karen lang’s]

240

-----

719

KAC

KACHIN [Jingpao] [SIL: 940,000 total, in Myanmar and China]

-----

720

THA+

THAI; Kam; Tung [SIL: Kam-Tai is 62 languages; THA Thai: 20,229,987 total, in Thailand]

120,465-64

Phu Thai: ??

Tai Daeng: ??

Tai Dam: 3,000

Tày: ??

Thai: 14,416

3,130

Iu Mien: 100

-----

Tai Dam: ??

721

IUM

MIAO-YAO, MIEN; Mien [SIL: IUM Iu Mien=Yao: 818,685 total speakers, in China]

16,510

Iu Mien: 24,000

-----

Iu Mien: 100

-----

722

BLU, MWW+

MIAO, HMONG; Hmong [SIL: 35 Hmong-Mien languages, including Yao; BLU Hmong Njua: 1,290.600, in China, elsewhere; MWW Hmong Daw: 514,895, in China]

168,065-63

Hmong Daw: 70,000

Hmong Njua : 100,000

-----

Iu Mien: 100

-----

723

JPN

JAPANESE; Ainu [SIL: JPN Japanese: 122,433,899 total; AIN Ainu: 15 in Japan]

477,995-97

804,000

30,565

43,000

-----

12,000

724

KOR

KOREAN [SIL: 67,019,690, in Korea, China, Japan, Thailand]

894,065-63

1,800,000

83,020

73,000

-----

37,000

725

LAO

LAOTIAN [Note: in 1990 Code 725 was Ainu, Lao was in 720] [SIL: 3,188,577 total]

149,305-03

171,577

13,525

-----

726

KHM+

MON-KHMER, CAMBODIAN; Cambodian; Khmer, Mon [SIL: USA: Bahnar: ??; KHM Central Khmer: 50,000 in USA, 13,276,639 total; Eastern Mnong: ??; Khmu: ??; Khuen: ??; Koho: ??; Laven: ??; Mal: ??; Upper Ta'oih: ??; Western Bru: ??]

181,890-89

50,000+??

16,435

Central Khmer: ??

-----

727

-----

SIBERIAN LANGUAGES, not elsewhere classified. [See also Yupik, below]

-----

728

VIE

VIETNAMESE [SIL: 67,439,139 total speakers; also China, elsewhere]

1,009,625-27

859,000

130,280

60,000

134,011

35,000

-----

Austro-Asiatic languages, not included elsewhere.

-----

660

-----

729

MTQ

MUONG [SIL: 1,137,515 total speakers, in north central Vietnam]

-----

730

BUG

BUGINESE [Bugis] [SIL: 3,500,000 total, in Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Malaysia (Sabah)]

-----

731

MAX?

MOLUCCAN [North Moluccan Malay?] [SIL: 700,000 total speakers in Indonesia (Maluku)]

-----

732

IND

INDONESIAN [SIL: 23,143,354, in Indonesia (all areas), also Neth., Phil., S. Arabia, Sing., USA]

48,140

-----

25,925

-----

733

ACE

ACHINESE [Aceh, Atjeh, Achehnese] [SIL: 3,000,000 in Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia]

-----

734

BAN

BALINESE [Bali] [SIL: 3,900,000 in Indonesia (Bali)]

125

-----

735

CJM, CJA

CHAM [SIL: CJM Eastern Cham: 72,873; in Vietnam, also USA; CJA Western Cham: 200,000 in Cambodia, also Australia, France, Indo., Libya, Malaysia, S. Arabia, Thai., USA, Vietnam, Yemen]

920

Chru: ??

Eastern: ??

Western: 3,000

-----

Western Cham: ??

736

JAV

JAVANESE [SIL: 75,508,300 total, in Indonesia (Java), also Malaysia (Sabah), Neth., Sing.]

180

-----

737

MAD

MADURESE [Madura, Basa Mathura] [SIL: 13,694,900 in Indonesia (Java and Bali)]

-----

738

PLT

MALAGASY [Plateau Malagasy] [SIL: 5,948,700, in Madagascar, Comoros [700], Reunion]

240

-----

739

MLY

MALAY; Bahasa [SIL: 17,604,253, in Malaysia, Brunei, Indo., Myanmar, Sing., Thai., UAE, USA]

10,670

6,253

5,455

-----

9,679

35,000

740

MIN

MINANGKABAU [Minang, Padang] [SIL: 6,500,000, in Indonesia (Sumatra)]

-----

741

SUN

SUNDANESE [Sunda, Priangan] [SIL: 27,000,000 total, in Indonesia (western third of Java)]

-----

742

TGL, FIL

TAGALOG; Filipino [SIL: TAG: 15,900,098 total, in Philippines, also Canada, Guam, S. Arabia, UAE, UK, USA; FIL: Filipino: no estimates available; language based on Tagalog]

1,224,240-41

377,000

185,420

158,210

67,255

-----

743

-----

BISAYAN; Ilongo; Visayan [SIL: 21 languages, including Cebuano and Hiligaynon]

15,820

Hiligaynon: ??

-----

744

CEB

SEBUANO; Cebuano [SIL: 20,043,502 total, in Philippines]

7,255

-----

745

PAG

PANGASINAN [SIL: 1,164,586 total speakers, in Pangasin Province, Luzon, Philippines]

2,035

-----

746

ILO, BNC

ILOCANO; Igorot [Iloko, Ilokano; Igorot=Central Bontoc] [SIL: 8,000,000 in Philippines, also USA]

75,605

-----

747

BCL

BIKOL [8 languages, largest: Central Bicolano] [SIL: 3,519,236, in Philippines]

445

-----

748

PAM

PAMPANGAN [Kampangan] [SIL: 1,897,378 total speakers, in Philippines]

5,545

-----

Malayo-Polynesian languages, not included elsewhere.

-----

Jarai: ??

Pingelapese: 500

Rade: ??

Rapa Nui: ??

Tondano: ??

16,430

-----

Mambae: ??

Pukapuka: 140

-----

Asiatic languages, not included elsewhere.

-----

Fijian Hindustani: ??

Nung: ??

355

Nung: ??

-----

Nung: ??

Fijian Hindustani: ??

749

GOR

GORONTALO [Hulontalo] [SIL: 900,000 total speakers, in Indonesia (northwestern Sulawesi)]

-----

750

-----

MICRONESIAN [20 languages, including 751-763]

2,580

-----

751

CAL

CAROLINIAN [SIL: 3,000 total speakers, in Northern Mariana Islands (NMI)]

110

-----

752

CHA

CHAMORRO; Guamanian [Tjamoro] [SIL: 76,705 total; 62,500 on Guam; 14,205 on NMI.]

15,955

-----

753

GIL

GILBERTESE [Kiribati] [SIL: 67,790 total; 58,320 in Kiribati; also Fiji, Nauru, Sol. Is, Tuv., Van.]

155

-----

754

KOS

KUSAIEAN; Kosraean [SIL: 8,000 total speakers, on Kusaie Island, Micronesia, also on Nauru]

570

-----

755

MAH

MARSHALLESE [SIL: 43,900 in Marshall Islands; also on Nauru.]

5,655

-----

756

MKJ

MOKILESE [SIL: 1,050 total speakers. Fewer than 500 on Mokil Atoll, Micronesia.]

190

-----

757

MRL

MORTLOCKESE [SIL: 5,904 total speakers, Mortlock Islands, 70 miles southeast of Truk.]

-----

758

NAU

NAURUAN [SIL: 6,000 total speakers, official language of Nauru.]

-----

759

PAU

PALAU [Palauan, Belauan] [SIL: 14,825 total speakers in Palau and Guam]

2,335

-----

760

PON

PONAPEAN [Pohnpeian] [SIL: 29,000 total speakers; 275 outside Caroline Islands]

1,350

-----

761

CHK

TRUKESE; Chuukese [Chuuk, Ruk, Truk] [SIL: 38,341 total speakers in Micronesia and Guam]

2,265

-----

762

ULI

ULITHEAN [SIL: 3,000 total speakers in Micronesia/eastern Caroline Islands]

-----

763

WOE+

WOLEAI-ULITHI; Eauripik, Ifaluk

-----

764

YAP

YAPESE [SIL: 6,592 total speakers in Micronesia {Yap Island}, national language]

585

-----

765

-----

MELANESIAN / Indo-Pacific Languages not elsewhere classified

840

-----

766

-----

POLYNESIAN

625

-----

767

SMO

SAMOAN [SIL:370,337 total; 199,377 on Somoa; also Am. Somoa, Fiji, NZ, Tonga, USA]

57,900

63,104

-----

768

TON

TONGAN [SIL: 105,319 total; 96,334 on Tonga; also Am. Somoa, Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand, Niue, USA, Vanuatu]

24,065

3,000

-----

769

NIU

NIUEAN [Niue, Niuefekai] [SIL: 7,941 total speakers in Niue, Cook Is., NZ and Tonga]

-----

770

TKL

TOKELAUAN [SIL: 3,242 total; 1,405 in Tokelau; also American Samoa, New Zealand, USA]

-----

771

FIJ

FIJIAN [SIL: 334,061 total; 330,441 on Fiji, also Nauru, New Zealand, Vanuatu]

3,335

-----

772

MRQ+

MARQUESAN; Tahitan [SIL: MRQ: North Marquesan: 3,400; MQM: South Marquesan: 2,100; TAH: Tahitian: 124,262 with 117,000 in French Polynesia, also New Caledonia, NZ, and Vanuatu]

290

-----

773

RAR

RAROTONGAN [Cook Islands Maori] [SIL: 42,669 total speakers, 16,800 on Cook Islands]

-----

774

MRI

MAORI [SIL: 50,000 to 70,000 total speakers, on North Island, New Zealand]

260

-----

775

NKR

NUKUORO [Nukoru, Nuguor] [SIL: 860 total speakers in Caroline Islands and Ponape]

-----

776

HAW

HAWAIIAN

27,160

1,000

-----

777

ARB

ARABIC [SIL: Standard Arabic: 206,000,000 first-language speakers of all Arabic varieties; 246,000,000 second-language speakers]

614,580-82

Arabic: 3,000,000

Judeo-Tunisian Arabic: ??

Najdi Spoken Arabic: 193,520

209,240

Judeo-Moroccan Arabic: ??

Najdi Spoken Arabic: 20,000

161,966

250,000

778

HEB

HEBREW [SIL: 5,055,000 total speakers, in Israel, elsewhere]

195,375-74

15,645

-----

MLT

Maltese [SIL: 371,900 total, in Malta, Australia, Canada, Italy, Tunisia, UK, USA]

-----

4,775

44,674

779

AII, CLD, HUY, SYN, TRU, SYC

SYRIAC; Aramaic; Assyrian; Chaldean [SIL: Aramaic is 19 languages, including AII Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: 210,231 total, in Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Syria; CLD Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: 206,000 in Iraq, elsewhere; HUY Hulaulá: 10,300 in Israel, Iran, USA; SYN Senaya: 460, in Iran, Australia, USA; TRU Turoyo: 84,000, in Turkey, Syria, elsewhere; SYC Syriac: extinct, was in Turkey]

62,890

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: 80,000

Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: 80,000

Hulaulá: ??

Senaya: 400

Turoyo: 5,000

-----

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: 5,000

Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: ??

Turoyo: ??

-----

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: 30,000

Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: ??

Senaya: ??

Turoyo: 2,000

780

AMH, TIG, TIR

AMHARIC; Tigre, Tigrigna [SIL: AMH Amharic: 17,417,913 total, in Ethiopia; TIG Tigré: 800,000 in Eritrea, Sudan; TIR Tigrigna=Tigrinya: 4,449,875, in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Germany, Israel]

82,070

-----

Amharic: 9,195

Tigringa: 4,870

-----

781

KAB+

BERBER [SIL: 26 languages, incl. KAB Kabyle=Tamazight: 3,123,000, in Algeria]

435

-----

782

HAU+

CHADIC; Hamitic, Hausa [SIL: Chadic is 195 lang’s; HAU Hausa: 24,162,000, in Nigeria]

3220

-----

783

BEJ,GAX,GAZ, HAE, SOM+

CUSHITE; Beja, Oromo; Somali [Canada: Somali] [SIL: Cushitic is 47 lang’s; BEJ Bedawi=Beja: 1,178,000, in Sudan; GAX Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo: 3,634,000, in Ethiopia; GAZ West Central Oromo: 8,920,000, in Ethiopia; HAE Eastern Oromo: 4,526,000, in Ethiopia; SOM Somali: 12,653,480 total, in Somalia]

41,800

-----

27,800

-----

Semitic languages, not included elsewhere

-----

7,410

-----

784

SBA+

SUDANIC; Dinka, Gambai, Sudanese [SIL: Central Sudanic is 65 lang’s, Eastern Sudanic is 95 lang’s; Dinka is 5 languages (total 2,000,000 or more); SBA Ngambay: 750,000, in Chad]

2,430

-----

785

ACH+

NILOTIC; Acholi; Luo; Nuer [SIL: ACH Acholi: 791,796, in Uganda; NUS Nuer: 804,907, in Sudan]

2,995

-----

786

BFA, MAS+

NILO-HAMITIC; Bari, Baro; Masai [SIL: BFA Bari: 480,000, in Sudan; MAS Maasai: 883,000, in Kenya, Tanzania]

410

-----

787

BRK+

NUBIAN [SIL: 11 languages: BRK Birked; KZH Kenuzi-Dongola; GHL Ghulfan; KDU Kadaru; DIL Dilling; DRB Dair; ELH El Hugeirat; KKO Karko; WLL Wali; FIA Nobiin; MEI:Midob; in Sudan]

160

-----

788

BYT+

SAHARAN [SIL: 9 lang’s: BYT Berti; ZAG Zaghawa; BMS Bilma Kanuri; KBL Kanembu; KBY Manga Kanuri; KNC Central Kanuri; KRT Tumari Kanuri; DZG Dazaga; TUG Tedaga; in Chad, …]

-----

789

FUR+

NILO-SAHARAN; Fur; Songhai [SIL: 205 lang’s, incl. Sudanic, Saharan; FUR Fur: 501,800, in Sudan; HMB Songhay: 140,000, in Burkina Faso, Mali]

-----

790

VAJ+

KHOISAN; Bushman [SIL: Khoisan is 27 lang’s; VAJ Vasekela Bushman: no estimate, in Namibia]

-----

791

SWH

SWAHILI [SIL: 772,642 total, in Tanzania, Kenya, elsewhere; 30,000,000 second lang. Users.]

36,690

3,991

4,715

-----

792

BANTU; Bembe; Botswana, Chaga, Fan, Kikuyu; Kinyarwanda; Kongo, Luganda; Ndebele; Shona; Tonga; Xhosa; Zulu [SIL: Bantu (Bantoid) is 681 languages]

25,075

-----

9,160

-----

793

XPE,GKP, MNK, MEN

MANDE; Kpelle; Mandingo; Mende [SIL: Mande is 71 languages; XPE Liberia Kpelle: 487,000, in Liberia; GKP Guinea Kpelle: 308,000, in Guinea; MNK Mandinka=Mandingo: 1,214,345, in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau; MEN Mende: 1,479,700, in Sierra Leone, Liberia]

12,340

-----

794

TEM, WOL+

FULANI; Temne; Wolof [SIL: Fulani-Wolof is 9 languages; TEM Themne: 1,200,000, in Sierra Leone; WOL Wolof: 3,612,560, in Senegal]

12,550

-----

795

DAG+

GUR; Dagomba [SIL: Gur is 96 languages; DAG Dagbani: 800,000, in Ghana]

435

-----

796

KLU, IBO, YOR

KRU, IBO, YORUBA; Akan; Ashanti; Damomeen, Ewe; Fanti; Ga; Ibo; Igbo; Nigerian; Twi; Yoruba [SIL: Kru is 39 languages; KLU: Klao=Kru: 192,000, in Liberia; IBO Igbo=Ibo: 18,000,000, in Nigeria; YOR Yoruba: 19,327,000, in Nigeria]

179,275

Klao: ??

Yoruba: ??

Twi: 11,270

-----

797

EFI, IBB

EFIK; Ibibio [SIL: EFI Efik: 400,000, in Nigeria, IBB Ibibio: 1,500,000-2,000,000, in Nigeria]]

5,275

-----

798

MDD+

MBUM AND RELATED [16 languages, MDD: Mbum: 51,100 in Cameroon, C. A. R.]

200

-----

Niger-Congo languages, not included elsewhere. [1,514 total languages]

-----

8,955

-----

799

-----

AFRICAN, not further specified [African languages, not included elsewhere.]

12,950

-----

3,725

-----

800

ALE

ALEUT

1,030

300

-----

801

EMS

PACIFIC GULF YUPIK; Pacific Eskimo [Alutiiq, Sugpiak "Eskimo", Sugpiaq "Eskimo", Chugach "Eskimo", Koniag-Chugach, Suk, Sugcestun, Aleut, Pacific Yupik, South Alaska "Eskimo"]

400

-----

802

ESK, IKE, IKT

ESKIMO [Canada: Inuktitut (Eskimo); SIL: ESK: Northwest Alaska Inupiatun:4,000; Canada: IKE: Eastern Canadian Inuktitut: 14,000; IKT Western Canadian Inuktitut: 4,000]

2,425

4,000

29,615

18,000

-----

---

-----

Aboriginal languages, not included elsewhere

-----

455

-----

803

ESI

INUPIK; Inuit, Inupiaq [SIL: North Alaskan Inupiatun]

6,420

8,000

-----

804

ESS

SAINT LAWRENCE ISLAND YUPIK; [Central] Siberian Yupik [St. Lawrence Island "Eskimo", Bering Strait Yupik. ]

830

1,050

-----

805

ESU

YUPIK [Central Alaskan Yupik]

16,910

10,000

-----

806

ALG

ALGONQUIAN [Canada: Algonquin]

515

-----

1,510

2,275

-----

807

ARP

ARAPAHO

1,215

1,038

-----

808

ATS

ATSINA; Gros Ventre

-----

---

ATJ

Attikamekw

-----

4,635

3,995

-----

809

BLA

BLACKFOOT

1,600

100

2,875

5,000

-----

810

CHY

CHEYENNE

2,320

1,721

-----

811

CRK+

CREE [Plains Cree, Western Cree] [SIL: CRK Plains Cree: 34,100 in USA and Canada; CRM Moose Cree: 4,500; CSW Swampy Cree: 4,500; CWD Woods Cree: 35,000; CRL Northern East Cree: 5,308; CRJ Southern East Cree: 7,306]

1,560

100

71,955

90,614

-----

---

MOE, NSK

Montagnais-Naskapi [SIL: [MOE] Montagnais=8,483; [NSK] Naskapi: 1,177]

See Cree

-----

9,850

9,560

-----

812

UNM

DELAWARE; Lenape, Lenni-Lenape [[UMN]: Unami; [UMU]: Munsee= Delaware, Ontario Delaware]

310

Umani: extinct

See Algonq.

Munsee: 7 or 8

-----

813

SAC

FOX; Mesquakie, Sac [Meskwakie, Sac and Fox, Sauk Fox]

755

200 to 300

See Algonq.

-----

814

KIC

KICKAPOO

820

539

See Algonq.

-----

815

MEZ

MENOMINI [Menominee]

805

See Algonq.

-----

816

CRG

FRENCH CREE; Metis, Mitchif [Michif]

230

390

See Algonq.

600

-----

817

MIA

MIAMI

310

extinct

See Algonq.

-----

818

MIC

MICMAC [Mi'gmaw, Miigmao, Mi'kmaw, Restigouche]

330

1,200

7,035

7,310

-----

819

CIW

OJIBWA; Chippewa [Ojibwe, Ojibway] [Canada SIL: [OJC]: Central Ojibwa: ??; [OJG] Eastern Ojibwa: 25,885; [OJB] Northwestern Ojibwa: 20,000; [OJS] [OJW] Western Ojibwa: 10,000]

8,355

5000

18,540

55,885 + ??

-----

OJS

Oji-Cree [Severn Ojibwa]

See Ojibwa

-----

9,225

8,000

-----

MOF, NNT, PIM, WAM, NWA, LMZ, CRR, MIY, PSY

Algonquian languages, not included elsewhere [42 languages, including Atikamekw, Cree, Montagnais, Naskapi, Kickapoo, Menominee, Miami, Algonquin, Chippewa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Mesquakie, Shawnee, Abnaki, Micmac, [MOF] Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett, [NNT] Nanticoke, [PIM] Powhatan, Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Munsee, Unami, [WAM] Wampanoag, Arapaho, Gros Ventre, [NWA] Nawathinehena, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, [LMZ] Lumbee, [CRR] Carolina Algonquian, [MIY] Mahican, [PSY] Piscataway]

-----

Caolina Algonquian, Lumbee, Mahican,

Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett, Nanticoke,

Nawathinehena, Piscataway, Powhatan, Wampanoag: all extinct

385

-----

820

OTW

OTTAWA [Odawa, Chippewa, Eastern Ojibwa, Ojibwe] [10 monolinguals]

560

See Algonq.

8,000

-----

821

PQM

PASSAMAQUODDY; Malecite

970

1,000

525

655

-----

822

AAQ

PENOBSCOT [dialect of Abnaki]

extinct

See Algonq.

-----

823

AAQ, ABE

ABNAKI [Abenaki] [[AAQ]: Eastern Abnaki in US; [ABE]: Western Abnaki in Canada]

extinct

See Algonq.

-----

824

POT

POTAWATOMI

845

See Algonq.

-----

825

SJW

SHAWNEE

490

200

See Algonq.

-----

826

WIY

WIYOT

extinct

-----

827

YUR

YUROK

280

-----

828

KUT

KUTENAI [Ktunaxa, Kootenai]

360

-----

829

MYH

MAKAH [Kwe-Nee-Chee-Aht, Kweedishchaaht]

230

extinct

See Wakashan

-----

830

HWK,QUI

KWAKIUTL; Quileute

Quileute: 10

See Wakashan

Kwakiutl: 190

-----

GIT

Gitksan [Gitxsan]

-----

685

400

-----

NCG

Nishga [Nisga’a, Nass, Niska, Nishka, Nisk'a]

-----

Up to 5

430

700

-----

831

NOO

NOOTKA [Nutka, Nuuchahnulth] [SIL: incl. Nitinat: 30]

-----

235

200

-----

832

HAS,HEI

Wakashan languages, not included elsewhere. [SIL: [HAS] Haisla: 25; [HEI] Heiltsuk: 300; [HWK] Kwakiutl: 190; [MYH] Makah; [NOO] Nootka]

-----

540

Haisla: 25

Heiltsuk: 300

-----

833

CEA

LOWER CHEHALIS

extinct

See Salish

-----

834

CJH

UPPER CHEHALIS; Chehalis, Satsop

extinct

See Salish

-----

835

CHM

CLALLAM [Klallam, S'klallam, Na'klallam]

See Salish

-----

836

CRD

COEUR D'ALENE; Skitsamish

See Salish

-----

837

COL

COLUMBIA; Chelan, Wenatchee [Wenatchi-Columbia]

Columbia: 39

Wenatchi: 36

See Salish

-----

838

COW

COWLITZ

extinct

See Salish

-----

839

HUR, BLC, COO,+

SALISH; Flathead, Lummi / Salish languages, not included elsewhere [SIL: HUR Halkomelem: 25 in USA, 200 in Canada; BLC Bella Coola: 20; COO Comox: 400; lil:: Lillooet: 200; PTW: Pentlatch: extinct; SEC Sechelt: 40; SQU Squamish: 15; STR Staits Salish: 20]

1,315

Halkomelem: 25

1,265

895

-----

SHS

Shuswap [Secwepemc]

See Salish

-----

510

500

-----

THP

Thompson (Ntlakapamux)

See Salish

-----

220

595

-----

840

NOK

NOOTSACK [Nooksack]

extinct

See Salish

-----

841

OKA

OKANOGAN; Colville [Okanagan-Colville, Okanagon]

200

112

See Salish

400

-----

842

LUT, SKA, SLH, SNO

PUGET SOUND SALISH; Duwamish, Muckleshoot; Nisqualli; Puyallup; Skagit, Snohomish, Suquamish [SIL: [LUT] Lushootseed: 60; [SKA] Skagit=Swinomish: 100; [SLH] Southern Puget Sound Salish: 107 [6 monolinguals]; [SNO] Snohomish: 10]

185

277

See Salish

-----

843

QUN

QUINAULT

extinct

See Salish

-----

844

TIL

TILLAMOOK

extinct

See Salish

-----

845

TWA

TWANA [Skokomish]

extinct

-----

846

HDN, HAX

HAIDA [Northern Haida, Masset] [SIL: HDN: Northern Haida: 45 total; HAX: Southern Haida: 10]

130

Northern Haida: 15

100

Northern: 30

Southen: 10

-----

847

HOI, BCR, BEA, KKZ, SRS, SEK, TGX, THT

ATHAPASCAN; Athabascan [SIL does not list Athapascan as a separate language.] / Athapaskan languages, not included elsewhere [43 languages, also incl. Apache, Navaho, Sekani, Carrier, Chilcotin, Guich’in, Han, Chipewyan, Dogrib, Slavey, Degexit’an, Koyukon, Hupa, Kato, Mattole, Wailaki, Coquille, Chetco, Tolowa, Tututni, Ahtena, Tanaina, Tanana, Tanacross, Kuskokwim, Tutchone, Tsetsaut] [SIL: USA: [HOI] Holikachuk: 12; [GCE] Galice: extinct; Canada: [BCR] Babine: 500; [BEA] Beaver: 300; [KKZ] Kaska: 400; [SRS] Sarsi: 50; [SEK] Sekani: 30 to 40, [TGX] Tagish: 2, [THT] Tahltan: 35; [TXC] Tsetsaut: extinct]

1,335

Holikachuk: 12

Galice: extinct

760

Babine: 500

Beaver: 300

Kaska: 400

Sarsi: 50

Sekani: 30 to 40

Tagish: 2

Tahltan: 35

-----

848

AHT

AHTENA [Atna, Ahtna, Copper River, Mednovskiy]

See Athapas.

-----

849

HAA

HAN [Han-Kutchin, Moosehide, Dawson]

7 or 8

See Athapas.

7 or 8

-----

850

ING

INGALIT [Degeexit’an, Ingalik, Deg Xinag, Deg Xit’an]

20 to 30

See Athapas.

-----

851

KOY

KOYUKON [Ten'a]

105

300

See Athapas.

-----

CRX, CAF

Carrier [SIL: CRX: Carrier: 1,500; CAF: Southern Carrier: 500]

See Athapas.

-----

970

2,000

-----

CLC

Chilcotin [Tzilkotin] [SIL: 100 monolinguals]

See Athapas.

-----

750

2,000

-----

CHP

Chipewyan [Dene]

See Athapas.

-----

Chipewyan: 420

Dene: 9,325

4,000

-----

DGR

Dogrib

See Athapas.

-----

1,900

2,110

-----

852

GWI

KUCHIN; Gwichin [Canada: Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)]

610

300

175

430

-----

SCS

North Slave (Hare) [North Slavey]

See Athapas.

-----

760

790

-----

XSL

South Slave [South Slavey]

See Athapas.

-----

1,385

1,410

-----

853

KUU

UPPER KUSKOKWIM [Mcgrath Ingalik, Kolchan. ]

See Athapas.

-----

854

TFN

TANAINA

See Athapas.

-----

855

TAA

TANANA; Minto [Lower Tanana]

See Athapas.

-----

856

TCB

TANACROSS

See Athapas.

-----

857

TAU

UPPER TANANA; [Nabesna, Tetlin]

105

See Athapas.

-----

858

TTM, TCE

TUTCHONE [SIL: [TTM] Northern Tutchone: 200; [TCE] Southern Tutchone: 200]

-----

See Athapas.

400

-----

859

CTC, COQ,TOL

CHASTA COSTA; Chetco, Coquille, Smith River Athapascan [SIL [CTC] Chetco: 5; [COQ]: Coquille: extinct; [TOL] Tolowa=Smith River: 4 to 5]

195

9 to 10

See Athapas.

-----

860

HUP

HUPA [Hoopa]

225

See Athapas.

-----

861

TUU, MVB, WLK

OTHER ATHAPASCAN-EYAK LANGUAGES; Cahto; Mattole, Wailaki [SIL: [KTW] Kato=Cahto, Batem-Da-Kai-Ee, Kai Po-Mo, Tlokeang: extinct; [MVB] Mattole: extinct; [TUU] Tututni: 10; [WLK]: Wailaki: extinct]

Tututni: 10

See Athapas.

-----

862

APW

APACHE

13,265

12,390

See Athapas.

-----

863

KIO

KIOWA [Kiowa Apache]

1,105

1,092

See Athapas.

-----

864

NAV

NAVAHO; Navajo U.S.: 178,014

178,015

148,530

See Athapas.

-----

865

EYA

EYAK

-----

866

TLI

TLINGIT; Chilkat, Sitka, Tongass, Yakutat [Thlinget, Tlinkit]

1,195

700

145

-----

867

NMU

MOUNTAIN MAIDU; Maidu [Northeast Maidu]

205

1 to 2

-----

868

MJD

NORTHWEST MAIDU; Concow [Holólupai, Maiduan, Meidoo, Michopdo, Nákum, Secumne, Sekumne, Tsamak, Yuba, Konkow, Konkau, "Digger"]

3 to 6

-----

869

NSZ

SOUTHERN MAIDU [Nisenan, Neeshenam, Nishinam, Pujuni, Wapumni]

-----

870

CSI

COAST MIWOK; Bodega, Marin

extinct

-----

RNW

LAKE MIWOK

-----

1 to 2

-----

871

PMW

PLAINS MIWOK [Valley Miwok]

-----

872

CSM, NSQ, SKD

SIERRA MIWOK; Miwok [SIL [CSM]: Eastern Central Sierra: 6; Western Central Sierra: 6;

[NSQ] Northern Sierra: 6; [SKD] Southern Central Sierra: 7

-----

873

WIT

NOMLAKI; Tehama [Dialect of Wintu]

See Wintu

-----

874

WIT

PATWIN; Colouse, Suisun [Dialect of Wintu]

See Wintu

-----

875

WIT

WINTUN [Wintu]

5 or 6

-----

876

YOK

FOOTHILL NORTH YOKUTS [Yokuts]

-----

877

-----

TACHI [Not listed separately by SIL, may be a dialect of Yokuts]

-----

878

KYL

SANTIAM; Clapooya, Wapatu [Kalapuya, Lukamiute]

1 or 2

-----

879

SIS, CSZ

SIUSLAW; Coos; Lower Umpqua [Siuslaw [SIS] is extinct]

Coos: 1 or 2

-----

880

KLA

KLAMATH; Modoc

170

-----

881

NEZ

NEZ PERCE

615

100 to 300

-----

882

TQN, UMA, WAA, YAK

SAHAPTIAN; Celilo, Klikitat, Palouse, Tenino, Umatilla; Warm Springs; Yakama

[SIL: [TQN] Tenino=Warm Springs: 200; [UMA] Umatilla=Columbia River Sahaptin:50; [WAA] Walla Walla= Northeast Sahaptin :100; [YAK] Yakima: 3,000]]

1,105

3,350

-----

883

WAC, CHH

UPPER CHINOOK; Chinook; Clackamas, Multnoma, Wasco, Wishram [Wasco-Wishram] [SIL: 7 monolinguals]

140

Wasco-Wishram: 69

Kiksht: 12

-----

884

TSI

TSIMSHIAN [Sm'algyax, Tsimshean, Zimshian, Chimmezyan, Coast Tsimshian]

190

230

750

-----

885

ACV

ACHUMAWI; Pit River

-----

886

ATW

ATSUGEWI

-----

887

KYH

KAROK [Karuk]

335

-----

888

KJU, POO, POM, PEQ, PEB+

POMO [SIL: KJU Kashaya=Southwestern Pomo: 45; POO Central Pomo= Ballo-Kai-Pomo, Cabanapo, Habenapo, H'hana, Kábinapek, Khabenapo, Khana, Kulanapan, Kulanapo, Venaambakaia, Venambakaiia, Yokaia: 2 to 5; POM Southeastern Pomo=Lower Lake Pomo: 5; PEQ Southern Pomo=Gallinoméro: 1; PEB Eastern Pomo=Clear Lake Pomo: extinct; PEF Northeastern Pomo: extinct; PEI: Northern Pomo: extinct]

255

53 to 56

-----

889

SHT

SHASTAN [Shasta, Sastean]

extinct

-----

890

WAS

WASHO

260

-----

891

-----

UP RIVER YUMAN [Not listed at all by SIL]

-----

892

MRC

COCOMARICOPA [Maricopa]

160

181

-----

893

MOV

MOHAVE

210

65 to 84

-----

894

YUM

YUMA; Quechan [Ketchan, Yuma, Quecl]

400

150

-----

895

DIH

DIEGUENO [Kymiai, Kumeyaay, Diegueño, Digueño, Campo, Kamia

110

-----

896

COC

DELTA RIVER YUMAN; Cocopah [SIL: 6 monolinguals]

365

150

-----

897

YUF

UPLAND YUMAN [Upper Colorado River Yuman, Upland Yuman]

1,000

-----

898

YUF

HAVASUPAI

580

530

-----

899

YUF

WALAPAI; Hualapai

805

1,000

-----

900

YUF

YAVAPAI

190

163

-----

901

CHS+

CHUMASH [SIL: CHS Chumash; BOI: Barbareño; CRZ: Cruzeño; INZ: Ineseño; OBI: Obispeño; PUY: Purisimeño; VEO: Ventureño: all extinct]

extinct

-----

902

TQW

TONKAWA

extinct

-----

903

YUC

YUCHI [Uchean]

10 to 12

-----

904

CRO

CROW; Absaroke

4,350

4,280

-----

905

HID

HIDATSA [Minitari, Hiraca, Hinatsa] [6 monolinguals]

605

100

-----

906

MHQ

MANDAN

135

-----

907

DAK, ASB, LKT

DAKOTA; Assiniboine; Brule,Lakota; Oglala; Sioux [31 monolinguals]

20,480

Dakota: 15,105

Yanktonais: 250

Lakota: 6,000

3,565

Assiniboine: 250

Dakota: 5,000

Lakota: ??

Stoney: 1,000 to 1,500

-----

908

IOW

CHIWERE; Iowa [Iowa-Oto]

555

extinct

-----

909

WIN

WINNEBAGO; Ho Chunk [Hocak Wazijaci, Hocák, Hocank, Hochank]

1,650

230

-----

910

KSK

KANSA; Kaw [Konze, Kanze]

-----

911

OMA

OMAHA [Dialect of Omaha-Ponca]

360

-----

912

OSA

OSAGE

245

-----

913

OMA

PONCA [Dialect of Omaha-Ponca]

165

-----

914

QUA

QUAPAW; Arkansas [Arkansas, Alkansea, Capa, Ogaxpa]

155

-----

915

AKZ

ALABAMA

455

100

-----

916

CHO, CIC

CHOCTAW; Chickasaw

11,390

Choctaw: 9,211

Chickasaw: 1,000

-----

917

MIK

MIKASUKI; Miccosukee [Hitchiti, Mikasuki Seminole] [33 monolinguals]

400

496

-----

918

-----

HICHITA; Apalachicola [Note: Not listed at all by SIL]

-----

919

CKU

KOASATI; Coushatta

245

200

-----

920

MUS

MUSKOGEE; Creek; Seminole [43 monolinguals]

7,210

4,300

-----

921

CTM

CHETEMACHA [Chitimacha]

105

extinct

-----

922

YUK

YUKI

extinct

-----

923

WAO

WAPPO

extinct

-----

924

KEE, KJQ

KERES; Acoma; Keresan; Laguna; Zia

[SIL: KEE: Eastern Keres: 4,580, incl. 463 Zia, 229 Santa Ana, 1,560 San Felipe, 1,888 Santo Domingo, 384 Cochiti; KJQ Western Keres: 3,391, incl. 1,695 Laguna, 1,696 Acoma]

11,215

7,971

-----

925

-----

IROQUOIS / Iroquoian languages, not included elsewhere. [11 languages: Mohawk, Oneida, Onandaga, Seneca, Cayuga, Wyandot, Laurentian, [NTW] Nottaway, Tuscarora, Cherokee, [SQN] Susquehannock]

185

Nottaway, Susquehannock: both extinct

Laurentian: extinct

-----

926

MOH

MOHAWK [Kanien'kehaka]

1,300

3,000

275

350

-----

927

ONE

ONEIDA [SIL: 6 monolinguals in USA]

610

See Iroquoian

200

-----

928

ONO

ONONDAGA [Onandaga]

See Iroquoian

50 to 100

-----

929

CAY

CAYUGA

See Iroquoian

40 to 60

-----

930

SEE

SENECA

920

150

See Iroquoian

-----

931

TUS

TUSCARORA

110

4 or 5

See Iroquoian

7 or 8

-----

932

WYA

WYANDOT; Huron

extinct

See Iroquoian

-----

933

CHR

CHEROKEE [Tsalagi, Tslagi] [130 monolinguals]

16,395

15,000-22,500

See Iroquoian

-----

934

ARI

ARIKARA [Arikari, Arikaris, Arikaree, Ree, Ris]

-----

935

CAD

CADDO [Kado, Caddoe, Kadohadacho]

-----

936

PAW

PAWNEE

-----

937

WIC

WICHITA

-----

938

COM

COMANCHE

915

200

-----

939

MNR

MONO; Owens Valley Paiute [Monachi]

100

37 to 41

-----

940

-----

PAIUTE [Note: not listed as a separate language by SIL]

1,435

-----

941

PAO

NORTHERN PAIUTE; Bannock, Num, Snake

1,631

-----

942

UTE

SOUTHERN PAIUTE [Dialect of Ute]

See Ute

-----

943

UTE

CHEMEHUEVI [Dialect of Ute]

-----

944

XAW

KAWAIISU

8 to 10

-----

945

UTE

UTE [Southern Paiute]

1,980

1,971

-----

946

SHH

SHOSHONI [Shoshone]

2,905

2,284

-----

947

PAR

PANAMINT [Panamint Shoshone, Tümpisa Shoshoni, Koso, Coso, Koso Shoshone]

-----

948

HOI

HOPI [Note: SIL lists 40 monolinguals]

5,225

5,264

-----

949

CHL

CAHUILLA

7 to 20

-----

950

CUP

CUPENO [Cupeño]

extinct

-----

951

LUI

LUISENO [Luiseño]

30 to 40

-----

952

SER

SERRANO

-----

953

TUB

TUBATULABAL [Tübatulabal]

-----

954

OOD

PIMA; Papago; Tohono O’Odham

9,585

11,819

-----

955

YAQ

YAQUI

620

406

-----

956

-----

AZTECAN; Mexicano; Nahuatl

5,610

-----

957

-----

SONORAN, not elsewhere classified; Cahita, Guasave, Huichole, Nayit

110

El Nayar Cora: ??

-----

958

TAR

Tarahumara [SIL: 55,000 in Chihuahua, Mexico]

-----

959

TWF

PICURIS; Taos [Northern Tiwa] [SIL: incl. Picuris: 101; Taos: 803]

927

-----

960

TIX

TIWA; Isleta. Ysleta [Southern Tiwa] [SIL: incl. 1,588 Isleta, 43 Sandia; PIE: Piro: extinct]

2,190

1631

-----

961

TIX

SANDIA [dialect of Southern Tiwa]

See Tiwa

-----

962

TEW

TEWA; Hani, Hopi-Tewa; San Idefonso, San Juan; Santa Clara [SIL: 18 monolinguals; incl. 50 Nambe, 25 Pojoaque, 349 San Ildefonso, 495 San Juan, 207 Santa Clara, 172 Tesuque]

3,925

1,298

-----

963

TOW

TOWA [Jemez]

2,010

1,301

-----

964

ZUN

ZUNI

7,005

9,651

-----

965

CHN

CHINOOK JARGON [Chinook Wawa]

125

-----

966

-----

AMERICAN INDIAN [Other than Navajo: U.S.: 203,466] [SIL: [AES] Alsea, [AQP] Atakapa, [BLL] Biloxi, CHC Catawba, CMK Chimakum, CID: Chimarko, DEP: Pidgin Delaware, ESQ: Esselen, KRB: Karkin, KII: Kitsai, VMV: Valley Maidu, MKQ: Bay Miwok, MOD: Mobilian, MBE: Molale, NCZ: Natchez, OFO: Ofo, CST: Northern Ohlone, CSS: Southern Ohlone, SLN: Salinan, TKM Takelma, TUN Tunica, TTA: Tutelo, YNN Yana: all extinct]

6,560

extinct

-----

967

CCR, MTN, MIQ,SUM

MISUMALPAN; Matagalpa, Miskito, Sumi [SIL: CCR Cacaopera: extinct, of El Salvador; MTN Matagalpa: extinct, of Nicaragua; MIQ Mískito: 154,400, of Nicaragua, Honduras; SUM Sumo-Mayagna=Sumo,Sumu: 7,400, of Nicaragua]

150

-----

968

-----

MAYAN LANGUAGES; Cakchiquel, Chol, Guastec, Ixil, Kechi, Aguacateco; Canjobal; Guatemalan; Mam; Maya; Queche, Quiche, Yucateca

7,620

Eastern Kanjobal: ??

Western Kanjobal: ??

-----

969

TSZ

TARASCAN [Purepecha] [SIL: 120,000 in Mexico]

855

-----

970

ARN

MAPUCHE; Araucanian, Chilote [ARN Mapudungun=Mapuche: 300,000, in Chile; Chilote not listed on SIL website]

-----

971

-----

OTO-MANGUEN; Ixatec, Mixtec; Otomi; Popoloc, Zapoteca [USA: SIL: Cajonos Zapotec : ??; Mixtepec Mixtec : ??; Peñoles Mixtec: ??; San Juan Guelavía Zapotec: 500; Silacayoapan Mixtec: ??; Yalálag Zapotec: ??; Yatzachi Zapotec: ??; Zapotec: 400; Zoogocho: ??]

5,765

900 + ??

Mezquital Otomi: ??

-----

972

QUH+

QUECHUA [46 languages in Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, Bolivia, Argentina]

885

-----

973

AYR, AYC

AYMARA [SIL: AYR Central Aymara: 2,227,642, in Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, Peru; AYC Southern Aymara: no estimate, in Peru {official language}]

-----

974

GUC, CAB, CAR+

ARAWAKIAN; Araua, Carib; Guajiro, Kitemoca, Tatu, Garifuna [SIL: Arawakian is 64 languages, including GUC Wayuu=Guajiro: 305,000, in Columbia, Venezuela; CAB: Garifuna=Caribe: 191,974, in Honduras, Belize, Guatamala, Nicaragua; CAR Carib: 10,226, in Venezuela, is not an Arawakian language] Note: Arauan is a separate language type (in Brazil); Kitemoca, Tatu, not listed in SIL

3,350

Garifuna: 65,000

-----

975

BRN, KVN, GYM+

CHIBCHAN; Boruca, Cuna, Guaymi, Ica [SIL: 22 languages; incl. BRN Boruca:5, in Costa Rica; KVN Border Kuna=Cuna: 1,576 in Columbia, Panama; GYM Ngäbere=Guaymí: 130,092, in Panama; ARH Arhuaco=Ica: 14,301, in Columbia]

-----

976

-----

TUPI-GUARANI; Guaibo, Guarani, Siriono [SIL: 53 languages, including SRQ Sirionó: 399, in Bolivia]

290

-----

977

APJ, APL

JICARILLA; Lipan [Jicarilla Apache]

Jicarilla: 675

Lipan Apache: 2 or 3

812

-----

978

APM

CHIRICAHUA; Mescalero Apache

190

Mescalero: 1,521

Chiricahua: 279

-----

979

APW

SAN CARLOS; Cibecue, San Carlos Apache; White Mountain [Western Apache]

350 [340 in AZ]

303

-----

980

APK

KIOWA-APACHE

-----

981

FLA

KALISPEL [Kalispel-Pend D'oreille, Kalispel-"Flathead", "Flathead"-Kalispel, Salish]

1 or 2

See Salish

-----

982

SPO

SPOKANE

-----

TCS,ROP,ASW, PIH+

Australian Indigenous Languages [Note: 23,400 is Torres Strait Creole [TCS]; 10,000 is Kriol [ROP]; an unknown number in Australian Aborigines Sign Language[ASW] and Pitcairn-Norfolk [PIH], and 35,992 to 37,952 is other languages]

-----

44,192

69,392 to 71,352

998

-----

LANGUAGE SPECIFIED, NOT LISTED

1,130

Amerax: ??

Martha's Vineyard Sign Language: extinct

32,550

Beothuk: extinct

Shelta: 50,000

Traveller Scottish: ??

434,362

Traveller Scottish: ??

999

-----

NOT REPORTED

1,430

-----

502,756

-----

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